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Docker Workloads

Bacalhau executes jobs by running them within containers. Bacalhau employs a syntax closely resembling Docker, allowing you to utilize the same containers. The key distinction lies in how input and output data are transmitted to the container via IPFS, enabling scalability on a global level.

This section describes how to migrate a workload based on a Docker container into a format that will work with the Bacalhau client.

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You can check out this example tutorial on how to work with custom containers in Bacalhau to see how we used all these steps together.

Requirements​

Here are few things to note before getting started:

  1. Container Registry: Ensure that the container is published to a public container registry that is accessible from the Bacalhau network.
  2. Architecture Compatibility: Bacalhau supports only images that match the host node's architecture. Typically, most nodes run on linux/amd64, so containers in arm64 format are not able to run.
  3. Input Flags: The --input ipfs://... flag supports only directories and does not support CID subpaths. The --input https://... flag supports only single files and does not support URL directories. The --input s3://... flag supports S3 keys and prefixes. For example, s3://bucket/logs-2023-04* includes all logs for April 2023.
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You can check to see a list of example public containers used by the Bacalhau team

Note: Only about a third of examples have their containers here. The rest are under random docker hub registries (mostly Vedants).

Runtime Restrictions​

To help provide a safe, secure network for all users, we add the following runtime restrictions:

  1. Limited Ingress/Egress Networking:

All ingress/egress networking is limited as described in the networking documentation. You won't be able to pull data/code/weights/ etc. from an external source.

  1. Data Passing with Docker Volumes:

A job includes the concept of input and output volumes, and the Docker executor implements support for these. This means you can specify your CIDs, URLs, and/or S3 objects as input paths and also write results to an output volume. This can be seen in the following example:

bacalhau docker run \
  -i s3://mybucket/logs-2023-04*:/input \
  -o apples:/output_folder \
  ubuntu \
  bash -c 'ls /input > /output_folder/file.txt'

The above example demonstrates an input volume flag -i s3://mybucket/logs-2023-04*, which mounts all S3 objects in bucket mybucket with logs-2023-04 prefix within the docker container at location /input (root).

Output volumes are mounted to the Docker container at the location specified. In the example above, any content written to /output_folder will be made available within the apples folder in the job results CID.

Once the job has run on the executor, the contents of stdout and stderr will be added to any named output volumes the job has used (in this case apples), and all those entities will be packaged into the results folder which is then published to a remote location by the publisher.

Onboarding Your Workload​

Step 1 - Read Data From Your Directory​

If you need to pass data into your container you will do this through a Docker volume. You'll need to modify your code to read from a local directory.

We make the assumption that you are reading from a directory called /inputs, which is set as the default.

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You can specify which directory the data is written to with the --input CLI flag.

Step 2 - Write Data to the Your Directory​

If you need to return data from your container you will do this through a Docker volume. You'll need to modify your code to write to a local directory.

We make the assumption that you are writing to a directory called /outputs, which is set as the default.

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You can specify which directory the data is written to with the --output-volumes CLI flag.

Step 3 - Build and Push Your Image To a Registry​

At this step, you create (or update) a Docker image that Bacalhau will use to perform your task. You build your image from your code and dependencies, then push it to a public registry so that Bacalhau can access it. This is necessary for other Bacalhau nodes to run your container and execute the task.

caution

Most Bacalhau nodes are of an x86_64 architecture, therefore containers should be built for x86_64 systems.

For example:

$ export IMAGE=myuser/myimage:latest
$ docker build -t ${IMAGE} .
$ docker image push ${IMAGE}

Step 4 - Test Your Container​

To test your docker image locally, you'll need to execute the following command, changing the environment variables as necessary:

$ export LOCAL_INPUT_DIR=$PWD
$ export LOCAL_OUTPUT_DIR=$PWD
$ export CMD=(sh -c 'ls /inputs; echo do something useful > /outputs/stdout')
$ docker run --rm \
  -v ${LOCAL_INPUT_DIR}:/inputs  \
  -v ${LOCAL_OUTPUT_DIR}:/outputs \
  ${IMAGE} \
  ${CMD}

Let's see what each command will be used for:

$ export LOCAL_INPUT_DIR=$PWD
Exports the current working directory of the host system to the LOCAL_INPUT_DIR variable. This variable will be used for binding a volume and transferring data into the container.

$ export LOCAL_OUTPUT_DIR=$PWD
Exports the current working directory of the host system to the LOCAL_OUTPUT_DIR variable. Similarly, this variable will be used for binding a volume and transferring data from the container.

$ export CMD=(sh -c 'ls /inputs; echo do something useful > /outputs/stdout')
Creates an array of commands CMD that will be executed inside the container. In this case, it is a simple command executing 'ls' in the /inputs directory and writing text to the /outputs/stdout file.

$ docker run ... ${IMAGE} ${CMD}
Launches a Docker container using the specified variables and commands. It binds volumes to facilitate data exchange between the host and the container.
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Bacalhau will use the default ENTRYPOINT if your image contains one. If you need to specify another entrypoint, use the --entrypoint flag to bacalhau docker run.

For example:

$ export LOCAL_INPUT_DIR=$PWD
$ export LOCAL_OUTPUT_DIR=$PWD
$ export CMD=(sh -c 'ls /inputs; echo "do something useful" > /outputs/stdout')
$ export IMAGE=ubuntu
$ docker run --rm \
  -v ${LOCAL_INPUT_DIR}:/inputs  \
  -v ${LOCAL_OUTPUT_DIR}:/outputs \
  ${IMAGE} \
  ${CMD}
$ cat stdout

The result of the commands' execution is shown below:

do something useful

Step 5 - Upload the Input Data​

Data is identified by its content identifier (CID) and can be accessed by anyone who knows the CID. You can use either of these methods to upload your data:

Copy data from a URL to public storage Pin Data to public storage Copy Data from S3 Bucket to public storage

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You can mount your data anywhere on your machine, and Bacalhau will be able to run against that data

Step 6 - Run the Workload on Bacalhau​

To launch your workload in a Docker container, using the specified image and working with input data specified via IPFS CID, run the following command:

$ bacalhau docker run --input ipfs://${CID} ${IMAGE} ${CMD}

To check the status of your job, run the following command:

$ bacalhau list --id-filter JOB_ID

To get more information on your job,run:

$ bacalhau describe JOB_ID

To download your job, run:

$ bacalhau get JOB_ID

For example, running:

JOB_ID=$(bacalhau docker run ubuntu echo hello | grep 'Job ID:' | sed 's/.*Job ID: \([^ ]*\).*/\1/')
echo "The job ID is: $JOB_ID"
bacalhau list --id-filter $JOB_ID
sleep 5
bacalhau list --id-filter $JOB_ID
bacalhau get $JOB_ID
ls shards

outputs:

CREATED   ID        JOB                      STATE      VERIFIED  PUBLISHED
 10:26:00  24440f0d  Docker ubuntu echo h...  Verifying
 CREATED   ID        JOB                      STATE      VERIFIED  PUBLISHED
 10:26:00  24440f0d  Docker ubuntu echo h...  Published            /ipfs/bafybeiflj3kha...
11:26:09.107 | INF bacalhau/get.go:67 > Fetching results of job '24440f0d-3c06-46af-9adf-cb524aa43961'...
11:26:10.528 | INF ipfs/downloader.go:115 > Found 1 result shards, downloading to temporary folder.
11:26:13.144 | INF ipfs/downloader.go:195 > Combining shard from output volume 'outputs' to final location: '/Users/phil/source/filecoin-project/docs.bacalhau.org'
job-24440f0d-3c06-46af-9adf-cb524aa43961-shard-0-host-QmYgxZiySj3MRkwLSL4X2MF5F9f2PMhAE3LV49XkfNL1o3
caution

The --input flag does not support CID subpaths for ipfs:// content.

Alternatively, you can run your workload with a publicly accessible http(s) URL, which will download the data temporarily into your public storage:

$ export URL=https://download.geofabrik.de/antarctica-latest.osm.pbf
$ bacalhau docker run --input ${URL} ${IMAGE} ${CMD}

$ bacalhau list

$ bacalhau get JOB_ID
caution

The --input flag does not support URL directories.

Troubleshooting​

If you run into this compute error while running your docker image

Creating job for submission ... done ✅
Finding node(s) for the job ... done ✅
Node accepted the job ... done ✅
Error while executing the job.

This can often be resolved by re-tagging your docker image

Support​

If you have questions or need support or guidance, please reach out to the Bacalhau team via Slack (#general channel).