Speech Recognition using Whisper

Introduction​

Whisper is an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system trained on 680,000 hours of multilingual and multitask supervised data collected from the web. It shows that the use of such a large and diverse dataset leads to improved robustness to accents, background noise, and technical language. Moreover, it enables transcription in multiple languages, as well as translation from those languages into English. Creators are open-sourcing models and inference code to serve as a foundation for building useful applications and for further research on robust speech processing. In this example, we will transcribe an audio clip locally, containerize the script and then run the container on Bacalhau.

The advantage of using Bacalhau over managed Automatic Speech Recognition services is that you can run your own containers which can scale to do batch process petabytes of videos or audio for automatic speech recognition

TL;DR​

bacalhau docker run \
    --id-only \
    --gpu 1 \
    --timeout 3600 \
    --wait-timeout-secs 3600 \
    jsacex/whisper \
    -i ipfs://bafybeielf6z4cd2nuey5arckect5bjmelhouvn5rhbjlvpvhp7erkrc4nu \
    -- python openai-whisper.py -p inputs/Apollo_11_moonwalk_montage_720p.mp4 -o outputs

Prerequisite​

To get started, you need to install:

1. Bacalhau client, see more information here.

2. Whisper.

3. PyTorch.

4. Python Pandas.

Running whisper locally​

pip install git+https://github.com/openai/whisper.git
pip install torch==1.10.1
pip install --upgrade  pandas
sudo apt update && sudo apt install ffmpeg

Before we create and run the script we need a sample audio file to test the code. For that we download a sample audio clip:

wget https://github.com/js-ts/hello/raw/main/hello.mp3

Create the script​

We will create a script that accepts parameters (input file path, output file path, temperature, etc.) and set the default parameters. Also if the input file is in mp4 format, then the script converts it to wav format. The transcript can be saved in various formats. Then the large model is loaded and we pass it the required parameters.

This model is not only limited to English and transcription, it supports many other languages.

Next, let's create an openai-whisper script:

#content of the openai-whisper.py file

import argparse
import os
import sys
import warnings
import whisper
from pathlib import Path
import subprocess
import torch
import shutil
import numpy as np
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="OpenAI Whisper Automatic Speech Recognition")
parser.add_argument("-l",dest="audiolanguage", type=str,help="Language spoken in the audio, use Auto detection to let Whisper detect the language. Select from the following languages['Auto detection', 'Afrikaans', 'Albanian', 'Amharic', 'Arabic', 'Armenian', 'Assamese', 'Azerbaijani', 'Bashkir', 'Basque', 'Belarusian', 'Bengali', 'Bosnian', 'Breton', 'Bulgarian', 'Burmese', 'Castilian', 'Catalan', 'Chinese', 'Croatian', 'Czech', 'Danish', 'Dutch', 'English', 'Estonian', 'Faroese', 'Finnish', 'Flemish', 'French', 'Galician', 'Georgian', 'German', 'Greek', 'Gujarati', 'Haitian', 'Haitian Creole', 'Hausa', 'Hawaiian', 'Hebrew', 'Hindi', 'Hungarian', 'Icelandic', 'Indonesian', 'Italian', 'Japanese', 'Javanese', 'Kannada', 'Kazakh', 'Khmer', 'Korean', 'Lao', 'Latin', 'Latvian', 'Letzeburgesch', 'Lingala', 'Lithuanian', 'Luxembourgish', 'Macedonian', 'Malagasy', 'Malay', 'Malayalam', 'Maltese', 'Maori', 'Marathi', 'Moldavian', 'Moldovan', 'Mongolian', 'Myanmar', 'Nepali', 'Norwegian', 'Nynorsk', 'Occitan', 'Panjabi', 'Pashto', 'Persian', 'Polish', 'Portuguese', 'Punjabi', 'Pushto', 'Romanian', 'Russian', 'Sanskrit', 'Serbian', 'Shona', 'Sindhi', 'Sinhala', 'Sinhalese', 'Slovak', 'Slovenian', 'Somali', 'Spanish', 'Sundanese', 'Swahili', 'Swedish', 'Tagalog', 'Tajik', 'Tamil', 'Tatar', 'Telugu', 'Thai', 'Tibetan', 'Turkish', 'Turkmen', 'Ukrainian', 'Urdu', 'Uzbek', 'Valencian', 'Vietnamese', 'Welsh', 'Yiddish', 'Yoruba'] ",default="English")
parser.add_argument("-p",dest="inputpath", type=str,help="Path of the input file",default="/hello.mp3")
parser.add_argument("-v",dest="typeverbose", type=str,help="Whether to print out the progress and debug messages. ['Live transcription', 'Progress bar', 'None']",default="Live transcription")
parser.add_argument("-g",dest="outputtype", type=str,help="Type of file to generate to record the transcription. ['All', '.txt', '.vtt', '.srt']",default="All")
parser.add_argument("-s",dest="speechtask", type=str,help="Whether to perform X->X speech recognition (`transcribe`) or X->English translation (`translate`). ['transcribe', 'translate']",default="transcribe")
parser.add_argument("-n",dest="numSteps", type=int,help="Number of Steps",default=50)
parser.add_argument("-t",dest="decodingtemperature", type=int,help="Temperature to increase when falling back when the decoding fails to meet either of the thresholds below.",default=0.15 )
parser.add_argument("-b",dest="beamsize", type=int,help="Number of Images",default=5)
parser.add_argument("-o",dest="output", type=str,help="Output Folder where to store the outputs",default="")

args=parser.parse_args()
device = torch.device('cuda:0')
print('Using device:', device, file=sys.stderr)

Model = 'large'
whisper_model =whisper.load_model(Model)
video_path_local = os.getcwd()+args.inputpath
file_name=os.path.basename(video_path_local)
output_file_path=args.output

if os.path.splitext(video_path_local)[1] == ".mp4":
    video_path_local_wav =os.path.splitext(file_name)[0]+".wav"
    result  = subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-i", str(video_path_local), "-vn", "-acodec", "pcm_s16le", "-ar", "16000", "-ac", "1", str(video_path_local_wav)])

# add language parameters
# Language spoken in the audio, use Auto detection to let Whisper detect the language.
#  ['Auto detection', 'Afrikaans', 'Albanian', 'Amharic', 'Arabic', 'Armenian', 'Assamese', 'Azerbaijani', 'Bashkir', 'Basque', 'Belarusian', 'Bengali', 'Bosnian', 'Breton', 'Bulgarian', 'Burmese', 'Castilian', 'Catalan', 'Chinese', 'Croatian', 'Czech', 'Danish', 'Dutch', 'English', 'Estonian', 'Faroese', 'Finnish', 'Flemish', 'French', 'Galician', 'Georgian', 'German', 'Greek', 'Gujarati', 'Haitian', 'Haitian Creole', 'Hausa', 'Hawaiian', 'Hebrew', 'Hindi', 'Hungarian', 'Icelandic', 'Indonesian', 'Italian', 'Japanese', 'Javanese', 'Kannada', 'Kazakh', 'Khmer', 'Korean', 'Lao', 'Latin', 'Latvian', 'Letzeburgesch', 'Lingala', 'Lithuanian', 'Luxembourgish', 'Macedonian', 'Malagasy', 'Malay', 'Malayalam', 'Maltese', 'Maori', 'Marathi', 'Moldavian', 'Moldovan', 'Mongolian', 'Myanmar', 'Nepali', 'Norwegian', 'Nynorsk', 'Occitan', 'Panjabi', 'Pashto', 'Persian', 'Polish', 'Portuguese', 'Punjabi', 'Pushto', 'Romanian', 'Russian', 'Sanskrit', 'Serbian', 'Shona', 'Sindhi', 'Sinhala', 'Sinhalese', 'Slovak', 'Slovenian', 'Somali', 'Spanish', 'Sundanese', 'Swahili', 'Swedish', 'Tagalog', 'Tajik', 'Tamil', 'Tatar', 'Telugu', 'Thai', 'Tibetan', 'Turkish', 'Turkmen', 'Ukrainian', 'Urdu', 'Uzbek', 'Valencian', 'Vietnamese', 'Welsh', 'Yiddish', 'Yoruba']
language = args.audiolanguage
# Whether to print out the progress and debug messages.
# ['Live transcription', 'Progress bar', 'None']
verbose = args.typeverbose
#  Type of file to generate to record the transcription.
# ['All', '.txt', '.vtt', '.srt']
output_type = args.outputtype
# Whether to perform X->X speech recognition (`transcribe`) or X->English translation (`translate`).
# ['transcribe', 'translate']
task = args.speechtask
# Temperature to use for sampling.
temperature = args.decodingtemperature
#  Temperature to increase when falling back when the decoding fails to meet either of the thresholds below.
temperature_increment_on_fallback = 0.2
#  Number of candidates when sampling with non-zero temperature.
best_of = 5
#  Number of beams in beam search, only applicable when temperature is zero.
beam_size = args.beamsize
# Optional patience value to use in beam decoding, as in [*Beam Decoding with Controlled Patience*](https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.05424), the default (1.0) is equivalent to conventional beam search.
patience = 1.0
# Optional token length penalty coefficient (alpha) as in [*Google's Neural Machine Translation System*](https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.08144), set to negative value to uses simple length normalization.
length_penalty = -0.05
# Comma-separated list of token ids to suppress during sampling; '-1' will suppress most special characters except common punctuations.
suppress_tokens = "-1"
# Optional text to provide as a prompt for the first window.
initial_prompt = ""
# if True, provide the previous output of the model as a prompt for the next window; disabling may make the text inconsistent across windows, but the model becomes less prone to getting stuck in a failure loop.
condition_on_previous_text = True
#  whether to perform inference in fp16.
fp16 = True
#  If the gzip compression ratio is higher than this value, treat the decoding as failed.
compression_ratio_threshold = 2.4
# If the average log probability is lower than this value, treat the decoding as failed.
logprob_threshold = -1.0
# If the probability of the <|nospeech|> token is higher than this value AND the decoding has failed due to `logprob_threshold`, consider the segment as silence.
no_speech_threshold = 0.6

verbose_lut = {
    'Live transcription': True,
    'Progress bar': False,
    'None': None
}

args = dict(
    language = (None if language == "Auto detection" else language),
    verbose = verbose_lut[verbose],
    task = task,
    temperature = temperature,
    temperature_increment_on_fallback = temperature_increment_on_fallback,
    best_of = best_of,
    beam_size = beam_size,
    patience=patience,
    length_penalty=(length_penalty if length_penalty>=0.0 else None),
    suppress_tokens=suppress_tokens,
    initial_prompt=(None if not initial_prompt else initial_prompt),
    condition_on_previous_text=condition_on_previous_text,
    fp16=fp16,
    compression_ratio_threshold=compression_ratio_threshold,
    logprob_threshold=logprob_threshold,
    no_speech_threshold=no_speech_threshold
)

temperature = args.pop("temperature")
temperature_increment_on_fallback = args.pop("temperature_increment_on_fallback")
if temperature_increment_on_fallback is not None:
    temperature = tuple(np.arange(temperature, 1.0 + 1e-6, temperature_increment_on_fallback))
else:
    temperature = [temperature]

if Model.endswith(".en") and args["language"] not in {"en", "English"}:
    warnings.warn(f"{Model} is an English-only model but receipted '{args['language']}'; using English instead.")
    args["language"] = "en"

video_transcription = whisper.transcribe(
    whisper_model,
    str(video_path_local),
    temperature=temperature,
    **args,
)

# Save output
writing_lut = {
    '.txt': whisper.utils.write_txt,
    '.vtt': whisper.utils.write_vtt,
    '.srt': whisper.utils.write_txt,
}

if output_type == "All":
    for suffix, write_suffix in writing_lut.items():
        transcript_local_path =os.getcwd()+output_file_path+'/'+os.path.splitext(file_name)[0] +suffix
        with open(transcript_local_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            write_suffix(video_transcription["segments"], file=f)
        try:
            transcript_drive_path =file_name
        except:
            print(f"**Transcript file created: {transcript_local_path}**")
else:
    transcript_local_path =output_file_path+'/'+os.path.splitext(file_name)[0] +output_type

    with open(transcript_local_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        writing_lut[output_type](video_transcription["segments"], file=f)

Let's run the script with the default parameters:

python openai-whisper.py

To view the outputs, execute following:

cat hello.srt

Containerize Script using Docker​

To build your own docker container, create a Dockerfile, which contains instructions on how the image will be built, and what extra requirements will be included.

FROM  pytorch/pytorch:1.12.1-cuda11.3-cudnn8-runtime

WORKDIR /

RUN apt-get -y update

RUN apt-get -y install git

RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

RUN python -m pip install regex tqdm Pillow

RUN pip install git+https://github.com/openai/whisper.git

ADD hello.mp3 hello.mp3

ADD openai-whisper.py openai-whisper.py

RUN python openai-whisper.py

We choose pytorch/pytorch:1.12.1-cuda11.3-cudnn8-runtime as our base image.

And then install all the dependencies, after that we will add the test audio file and our openai-whisper script to the container, we will also run a test command to check whether our script works inside the container and if the container builds successfully

See more information on how to containerize your script/app here

Build the container​

We will run docker build command to build the container;

docker build -t <hub-user>/<repo-name>:<tag> .

Before running the command replace:

1. hub-user with your docker hub username, If you don’t have a docker hub account follow these instructions to create a Docker account, and use the username of the account you created

2. repo-name with the name of the container, you can name it anything you want

3. tag this is not required but you can use the latest tag

In our case:

docker build -t jsacex/whisper

Push the container​

Next, upload the image to the registry. This can be done by using the Docker hub username, repo name or tag.

docker push <hub-user>/<repo-name>:<tag>

In our case:

docker push jsacex/whisper

Running a Bacalhau Job​

We will transcribe the moon landing video, which can be found here: https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/hd/apollo11_hdpage.html

Since the downloaded video is in mov format we convert the video to mp4 format and then upload it to our public storage in this case IPFS. To do this, a public IPFS network can be used, or you can create your own private IPFS network and use it to pin files.

After the dataset has been uploaded, copy the CID:

bafybeielf6z4cd2nuey5arckect5bjmelhouvn5rhbjlvpvhp7erkrc4nu

Structure of the command​

Let's look closely at the command below:

1. export JOB_ID=$( ... ) exports the job ID as environment variable

2. bacalhau docker run: call to bacalhau

3. The-i ipfs://bafybeielf6z4cd2nuey5arckect5bjmelhouvn5r: flag to mount the CID which contains our file to the container at the path /inputs

4. The --gpu 1 flag is set to specify hardware requirements, a GPU is needed to run such a job

5. jsacex/whisper: the name and the tag of the docker image we are using

6. python openai-whisper.py: execute the script with following parameters:

   1. -p inputs/Apollo_11_moonwalk_montage_720p.mp4 : the input path of our file

   2. -o outputs: the path where to store the outputs

export JOB_ID=$(bacalhau docker run \
    --id-only \
    --gpu 1 \
    --timeout 3600 \
    --wait-timeout-secs 3600 \
    jsacex/whisper \
    -i ipfs://bafybeielf6z4cd2nuey5arckect5bjmelhouvn5rhbjlvpvhp7erkrc4nu \
    -- python openai-whisper.py -p inputs/Apollo_11_moonwalk_montage_720p.mp4 -o outputs

When a job is submitted, Bacalhau prints out the related job_id. We store that in an environment variable so that we can reuse it later on.

Declarative job description​

The same job can be presented in the declarative format. In this case, the description will look like this:

name: Speech Recognition using Whisper
type: batch
count: 1
tasks:
  - name: My main task
    Engine:
      type: docker
      params:
        Image: jsacex/whisper:latest
        Entrypoint:
          - /bin/bash
        Parameters:
          - -c   
          - python openai-whisper.py -p inputs/Apollo_11_moonwalk_montage_720p.mp4 -o outputs
    Resources:
      GPU: "1"

Checking the State of your Jobs​

Job status​

You can check the status of the job using bacalhau job list.

bacalhau job list --id-filter ${JOB_ID}

When it says Completed, that means the job is done, and we can get the results.

Job information​

You can find out more information about your job by using bacalhau job describe.

bacalhau job describe ${JOB_ID}

Job download​

You can download your job results directly by using bacalhau job get. Alternatively, you can choose to create a directory to store your results. In the command below, we created a directory and downloaded our job output to be stored in that directory.

rm -rf results && mkdir -p results
bacalhau job get $JOB_ID --output-dir results

After the download has finished you should see the following contents in results directory

Viewing your Job Output​

Now you can find the file in the results/outputs folder. To view it, run the following command:

cat results/outputs/Apollo_11_moonwalk_montage_720p.vtt